In the wake of the popular uprisings of 2010/11, Tunisia is often cited as ‘shining example’ of a successful (beginning of a) transition to democracy. Yet at the same time, numerous violent groups have emerged and Islamist radicalization has been on the rise. What at first glance may seem puzzling can be shed light on by looking at the role of (perceived) marginalization, the paper argues. The radical groups’ online propaganda provides information about their ideas and perceptions on this issue. Drawing on the rich research literature on radicalization, mobilization and social movement theory, the paper systematically analyzes online material, mainly originating from Tunisian Jihadi-Salafi groups. It examines the radical groups’ discursive referral to the Tunisian state, the current political transition, and marginalization in their online output. The paper will show the role of grievances and the state in (internal) collective action frames, mobilization and recruitment activities.
