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The Personalization of Politics in Parliamentary Democracies: A Conjoint Experiment in Spain

Political Leadership
Voting
Experimental Design
Survey Experiments
Alberto López Ortega
Harvard University
Alberto López Ortega
Harvard University

Abstract

When addressing personalization of politics most studies have centered their attention on whether candidates are valued as more important than their parties by citizens. In this study, we follow a wealth of recent scholarship reports that stress another question: are candidates’ non-political attributes considered in the voting decision? (Adam and Maier, 2010). In order to answer this question, I conceptually develop a classification of which attributes could be political, intermediate and non-political. With this in mind, I conduct a candidate-based conjoint experiment where I propose a multidimensional scenario to respondents. The results provide some striking conclusions: while valence issues are the most valued, non-political attributes receive the same importance as policy proposals, being both generally significant. This fact would encourage further investigation including non-political attributes as they have demonstrated to have an impact in the selection of candidates Additionally, I find policy proposals are irrelevant to politically unsophisticated voters. Conversely, dealigned and non-dealigned voters do not show significant differences in the importance that they give to each attribute. However, there is a need for a more systematic study of the personalization phenomenon confronting the external validity of the survey experiment as well as discussing theoretical and methodological decisions I have adopted in this paper.