Most work on migrant enfranchisement looks at either immigrant or emigrant enfranchisement. In reality, these electoral rights are linked through the migrant experience, the policy-making processes, and their normative grounding. We present the so-far most comprehensive dataset on migrant enfranchisement laws. Our dataset contains information on candidacy and voting rights for both non-citizen residents (mostly immigrants) and non-resident citizens (emigrants and their descendants in certain cases)---covering 155 countries and stretching from 1960 to 2020. The combination of emigrant and immigrant electoral rights in one dataset opens new options for combined analysis. Specifically, we present a migrant-centred conceptualization that accounts for the rights in the country of residence and the country of citizenship. We arrive at six empirically relevant franchise constellations: 1) full franchise, 2) multilevel transborder franchise, 3) multilevel within-country franchise, 4) monolevel transborder franchise, 5) monolevel within-country franchise, and 6) no franchise. We complement this framework with descriptive data from our original dataset to map the frequency of these constellations of migrant (dis)enfranchisement. We close with a research agenda calling for work that situates migrants in specific franchise and citizenship constellations.
