The Israeli military (the Israel Defence Forces – IDF) in a conscription-based military with universal conscription for men and women at the age of 18 and the IDF has always prided itself on being a peoples’ army. As the 21st century began, and Israeli’s existential threats diminished, it seemed that the IDF was moving into a more selective conscription model. However, the Hamas attack on Oct. 7th 2023 and the war in Gaza that followed in its wake revived the feeling that Israel cannot afford to abolish conscription. At the same time, the IDF is structured to fight short, contained, conflicts. The current war has posed realities that it was unprepared for structurally, despite conscription. This section of the panel will discuss the changes to the hybrid Israeli model in light of the current HIC and highlight issues such as the mobilization of reservists, the involvement of women in combat and non-combat roles, the issues of prisoners of war (male and female), the impact on civilian life, and evolving public attitudes toward mandatory service in the face of immediate security threats, and the constant negotiations between the civil and military sphere concerning universal conscription.