Parliamentary debate is key to both representation and policymaking in democracies. This study examines how political party groups decide who speaks for them on specific issues.
The key concept in our paper is specialization: the assignment of spokespersonships is the outcome of a process of careful consideration for the party because they distribute and delegate decision-making and policymaking power on day-to-day business in parliament. We build on the literature on committee assignments, which points to informational, distributional and partisan rationales behind MP specialization. The informational rationale of a division of labour suggests that MPs become a spokesperson on issues where they have specialist knowledge. The distributional rationale predicts MPs to be spokesperson on issues where they have ties to relevant groups outside parliament, such as voters and interest groups. Finally, according to the partisan rationale, parties will assign issue portfolios that the party leadership prioritizes to the more prominent MPs in the parliamentary party group.
We analyse a database of the parliamentary and pre-parliamentary careers of Danish MPs (2011 – 2019) which documents who holds each spokespersonship in each party. Our analysis sheds important light on how parliamentary party groups function, in particular how they divide labour within their ranks.
