This paper analyses the importance of biodiversity and the pressure that comes from the agriculture and cattle breeding regarding the native vegetation in tropical countries, this is the focus on the Brazilian reality, with its rich, interrelated and interdependent biodiversity. This paper stilltreats, the creation of biodiversity and natural mechanisms and resources for economical evaluation such as the Economic and Ecosystem of Biodiversity, TEEB, that has a goal to assist the government to reduce the economic pressure and contribute for the sustainability that needs forthe balance between the economic force and environmental protection. It`s necessary to harmonize those both important points in the context of activities and the survival for the human race. In this context, it analyses the compensation mechanisms based on two important Environmental Right principles: the Protector Receiver Principle and the Polluter Pays Principle. This principles are the fundamentals to apply the Payments for Environmental Services and to stimulate nature conservation that requires, the monitoring mechanisms for the real environmental protection.as well. It shows some cases in tropical countries that apply the Payment for Environmental Services.
