As a major country of emigration, Poland stands to benefit a great deal from tapping the enormous social, economic and political potential of its diaspora. The size of its diaspora community and their internal heterogeneity constitute a huge challenge for the Polish state. One of the tools for developing the relations between Poland and its expatriate communities is the diaspora policy. Since Poland’s accession to EU and mass migration it became necessary to modify the aims tools of the policy on Polish diaspora communities. The proposed paper aims at providing answers to questions about the interest among Poles living abroad in participation in cooperation with their homeland as well as their current engagement in such practices based on results of the research project conducted in 2013 with the use of CAWI survey (3500 respondents) and IDI (35 interviews).