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Why did they Vote? Voter Turnout and the Mobilisation of 16-year-olds in the Norwegian Local Elections of 2011

Citizenship
Civil Society
Elections
European Politics
Referendums and Initiatives
Voting
Guro Ødegård
Oslo Metropolitan University
Guro Ødegård
Oslo Metropolitan University
Guro Ødegård
Oslo Metropolitan University
Johannes Bergh
Institute for Social Research, Oslo
Jo Saglie
Institute for Social Research, Oslo

Abstract

In the Norwegian local elections of 2011, a trial was held in which the voting age was lowered from 18 to 16 in 20 selected municipalities (and in the self-governed area of Longyearbyen). The purpose of this paper is to analyze the trial and to discuss two main issues: 1) Why was voter turnout among 16- and 17-year-olds so high? 2) Why did turnout vary substantially between municipalities? The results are discussed in light of political socialization theory and Mark Franklin’s findings regarding cohort-effects and the voting age. We find that turnout is especially high among the cohorts that are high school students, and that mobilization efforts directed at young voters had a positive effect. Furthermore, the terror attacks in Oslo and at Utøya in the summer of 2011 had a mobilizing effect on young voters.