The Effect of Affective Polarization on Accountability

This paper examines the relationship between affective polarization and different dimensions of democratic accountability using cross-national data from the V-Dem project. Relying on linear mixed-effects models with fixed effects, the analysis shows that rising affective polarization is associated with a weakening of mechanisms designed to check and constrain those in power. This pattern is especially pronounced for horizontal and diagonal accountability, underscoring the heightened vulnerability of institutions such as the separation of powers, independent oversight bodies, and critical news media. Overall, the findings invite reflection on how partisan identity shapes support for these institutions and, in turn, may contribute to the gradual erosion of democratic regimes.