Policy and Citizen Interaction within Various Types of Governance

Recurring crises of various kinds imply pressures to solve challenges of sync between public preferences and policy stands on pressing global issues such as pandemics and climate change. The seemingly widening gaps of perceptions regarding political realities and remedies call for mapping the bottom points of departure to clarify the connecting dynamics of citizen and policy concerns. One major base of such connection comes down to the underlying values of the actors of the policy process and the extent to which they are in sync with public perceptions of the problems to be solved. A first step to uncover the apparent dilemmas of value mis sync is to define the various types of governance that uphold key patterns of interaction. These are defined in terms of four main types as in monocentric, adversarial, collaborative and anticipatory governance. These types constitute specific subsets of values, beliefs, rules and norms, which set the interactive conditions for sync as an analytical key to grasping public policy-engagement and legitimate policy-making.